My Mayflower Connection

Richard Warren is my 10th great-grandfather. His claim to fame is having been a passenger on the storied ship Mayflower, as she sailed from the port at Plymouth, England, to present-day Cape Cod. He was of the London Merchant Adventurers group, rather than the Leiden, Holland religious Separatists group (known as the Pilgrims), and traveled alone, leaving wife Elizabeth and five daughters behind. The identity of his parents is unknown, but it is believed that he was born between 1578 & 1585, probably in Hertfordshire, England, where he was later married.

Elizabeth Walker (daughter of Augustine Walker) and Richard Warren were married on 10 April 1610 in Great Amwell, Hertfordshire, at St Leonard's Church. Little is known of his life prior to the sailing despite much research into the matter. The Warren's had five daughters: Mary in 1610, Anne in 1612, Sarah in 1614, Elizabeth in 1616, and Abigail in 1618. Elizabeth and the girls sailed to the New World to join Warren aboard the Anne in 1623. Two sons were subsequently born: Nathaniel in 1624, and Joseph in 1627.

Along with the Mayflower, the Speedwell was originally meant to transport the Pilgrims from Holland to Cape Cod via Plymouth. She began taking on water, repairs were made in England, and both ships set off. The Speedwell continued to leak, the stores and passengers were transferred to the Mayflower, Speedwell was left behind, and the Mayflower sailed the perilous Atlantic alone. She had 102 passengers and about 30 crew aboard along with a multitude of stores, provisions, furniture, weapons, and tools. The reconstruction of the ship's log, "The May-flower and her log: July 15, 1620-May 6, 1621, chiefly from original sources" (located online at: archive.org) gives a detailed account of items brought aboard. The list is long and varied and includes a long-boat, one or more smaller boats, beer, whiskey, gin, goats, swine, poultry, sheep, rabbits, and trading goods. The Mayflower was a rather small ship (90 ft long, 26 ft wide, with a tonnage of 180) and was likely crowded, noisy, and uncomfortable during her 66 day voyage.

The Mayflower

The famous "Mayflower Compact", a promise between the settlers to function as a group for the good of all, was signed on November 21, 1620, aboard the ship at anchor in the harbor. In December, Warren was a member of the third scouting party to go ashore where the first encounter with hostile Indians took place.

The first winter at Plymouth Colony was brutal, and fully one-half of the passengers succumbed to disease. Warren received his share of acreage in the Division of Land in 1623, and the family shared in the Division of Cattle in 1627. All seven of the Warren children would live to adulthood, marry, and have large families. Today, there are estimated to be millions of Americans descended from Richard Warren.

Plymouth Plantation Living History Museum

Warren died in 1628. The record of his death is taken from Morton's 1669 book New England's Memorial, "This year [1628] died Mr Richard Warren, who was an [sic] useful instrument and during his life bore a deep share in the difficulties and troubles of the first settlement of the Plantation of New Plymouth". He is buried at Cole's Hill Burial Ground across from Plymouth Rock and overlooking Plymouth Bay.

Grandmother Grace

My paternal Grandmother's life story is a short one as she died at age 43 from a scourge of the times, tuberculosis. Grace Lillian Synar was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on June 8, 1878. Her parents were William Henry Synar and Lillian Ann Gallaher. Her mother, Lillian, also died of tuberculosis when Grace was two-years-old. The 1880 Census lists young Grace living with her grandfather John Gallaher, her aunt Tilly (Lillian's sister Matilda), Tilly's husband William Hamilton, and her father Henry Synar in Pittsburgh. (William often used his middle name Henry as a first name). Henry worked as a glass blower and William Hamilton was a clerk in oil works.

By 1900, the widower Henry and his young daughter were living with his sister Mary at 1906 S Sarah St in Pittsburgh. Grace lived here until her marriage to Frank E Cox in 1905. Her three sons would be born near Pittsburgh: John Gallaher in 1906, Fred Synar in 1908, and Robert Austin in 1910.

Cox Family 1919

Sarah Street House built in 1900

When the bacillus that caused TB was discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, measures were gradually taken to stop its spread. Knowing that the disease could be "caught", the public became fearful of associating with tubercular patients. This was a hardship for patients as the slow progression of the disease meant that one could be well enough to receive visitors or go to town, yet still be contagious. Many sufferers likely remained at home, depending upon family and neighbors to supply their needs, rather than face uneasy strangers. Before antibiotics were discovered and mass-produced, the only treatment available was based on isolation, rest, and healthy food, The residential facilities known as sanitariums were big business, and were usually situated in a rural area providing a restful environment, the beauty of nature, fresh air, fresh food, and nursing care. In the late 1800's and early 1900's, the moderate weather and abundant sunshine of California led many TB patients living in colder climates to relocate.

In 1917, the family was living in Phoenix, Arizona, as recorded on Frank's WWI Draft Registration card. By 1920, they had settled in Pasadena, California, where Grace's condition deteriorated. Too ill to tend to her growing sons, so far from her childhood home and loved ones back east, it must have been an unhappy time for Grace, a great strain on her husband, and frightening and confusing for her children.

Mountain View Cemetery

Her suffering came to an end on September 17, 1921, ten years after her diagnosis was confirmed. Did she carry the same TB strain as her late mother? Did it remain latent until she married and had a family, only to strike when she was still a young woman? So many questions that will forever remain unanswered. Grace Synar Cox was buried near her son Fred at Mountain View Cemetery in Altadena, California. I so wish I had know you, Grandma.

Death Certificate

.

My Dad, My Hero

Robert Austin Woodward Cox was born on the 18th of May, 1910, in Dormont, part of the Pittsburgh Metro Area in Pennsylvania. The 1910 Federal Census records the residence. His parents were Frank Elwood Cox and Grace Lillian Synar. Their home, which was newly built at the time of Dad's birth, remains standing at the original address: 2959 Espy Ave.

The house in 1910 from "Our Baby's Journal"

The house in 2008 when I visited

According to "Our Baby's Journal", their young son's first family outing was to Atlantic City, New Jersey, to see Wright's Air Ship in July 1910. This was also the year that Halley's Comet made a rare appearance. Dad was the youngest child in the family of three sons; John and Fred were his older brothers.

Wright's Air Ship, Atlantic City

The next document recording the residence of the family is the World War I Draft Registration of Frank Cox. By September 1918, they had relocated to Phoenix, Arizona. The 1920 Census shows another move to Pasadena, California. The move across the country to a milder climate might have been motivated by the ill-health of Grace. According to her 1921 death certificate, Grace died of tuberculosis contracted ten years prior. In the same 1920 Census, the family is living together, and the occupation of the Head of Household, Frank Cox, is listed as "none". No one was working and the boys were ages 13, 11, & 10. The children must have had a difficult time, living in a new town and attending new schools, a sick mother who would die the next year, and an out-of-work father. One example of normalcy is recorded in the 1925 Pasadena High School Yearbook where Robert and his brother Fred were students. Dad never graduated.

In December, 1926, the young Robert would make a fateful decision that would affect the rest of his life, as well as that of his only son and namesake, and to a lesser extent, the rest of his family. Robert A W Cox enlisted in the United States Navy with the consent of his father. The date of the young mans' birth on the consent form is May 18, 1909, making him 17, when in reality he was only 16 years old. Maybe he had grown weary of academia and wanted to get on with his life. Or perhaps he was a poor student, or felt like he didn't "fit-in" with his school mates. Maybe some extra money was needed for the family. Whatever his reasons, and he never discussed much about his past with his children, this was a decision that worked to his advantage.

USS Medusa

As an Apprentice Seaman, Dad began his training in San Diego, California, five days after enlistment. A little over one year later, he attended Machinist's Mate School in Hampton Roads, Virginia. This was the beginning of a lifetime spent around machines, and the work seemed to come naturally. In April, 1928 he was assigned to the USS Medusa as a Machinist's Mate 2nd Class, stationed in San Pedro, California. The Medusa (AR-1) was the Navy's first purpose-built repair ship and remained in service from 1924 to 1946. Dad worked in the machine shop onboard. There are no online records of crew lists or deployments prior to 1940. I was able to locate one mention of the ship: during the Banana Wars in Nicaragua, the U.S. military occupied the country. In 1927, the Medusa transported U.S. Marines to Managua alongside the USS Bridge. In May 1930, Dad was honorably discharged from the Navy and served four more years in the reserves. Soon after the Great Stock Market Crash of October, 1929, he prepared for the end of his Naval career in an unusual way; by learning how to fly.

In December, 1929, a Student Pilot's Permit was granted to Robert Cox by the Department of Commerce, Aeronautics Branch. By January, he was enrolled in the T.C. Ryan Flying School in San Diego. According to his application, Cox received ten hours of flying instruction at Wilson's Aero Corp. in Burbank, California. He later would fly his own plane with his oldest daughter (Lea Rae) in tow. She remembers these short, exciting flights to this day. By the time I was born in 1947, the plane was long-gone. Much later, scuba diving was another challenge for Dad and I remember his wet suit hanging in the garage and the diving flag logo on the rear windshield of his car.

On October 6, 1934, Robert Cox and Helen Mae Willis were married at the home of Frank Cox in Sierra Madre, California.The first years of their marriage included many moves, the birth of the first of three children: Lea Rae in 1935, and the establishment of the first family business. The Cox Brothers Richfield Service Station was located in San Pedro. For reasons unknown, the business failed or was sold. A move to Oakland followed, where the City Directory of 1937 lists Dad as a Machinist. Next came a period of unemployment followed by a return to Los Angeles where he worked at Harvill Corporation (a die casting company) as Maintenance Foreman until 1940.

The surprise Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, brought the United States into World War II in 1941. Soon, the Cox family would move into their new home at 8121 Truxton Ave, Westchester, Los Angeles. Here they would establish a middle-class household, join the congregation of Visitation Catholic Church where their marriage was officially "Blessed", and the head of the family would begin a new job as General Machinist at North American Aviation, Inc. The nation was gearing up for war and experienced machinists were in high demand.

Truxton House

Now settled in a home large enough for their growing family (two more children were born after the war: Cynthia Ann in 1947, and Robert A. Cox, Jr. in 1954), with the shortages and rationing of the war at an end, another chapter in the Cox family saga began. In 1946, Robert A Cox Die Casting was established and open for business. It gradually grew from a small operation to a significant size; from one building to three, on Knightsbridge Ave, Culver City. Dad took night classes to learn about business law and regulations, management, and accounting. His lack of an early formal education did not deter this determined young man to build a successful business from scratch. It was always a family business with frequent volunteer assistance from mom and the kids. (My job was packaging sprinklers). The original buildings and property have since disappeared under retail development, but the business continues in Gardena, California, under the able leadership of son Robert Cox, Jr, who has devoted his life to his father's legacy. Today, the official name is "Cox Die Casting".

The Shop

In 1960, for reasons not shared with my brother and I (older sis was married by now), a move to another house was in the planning stages. The weekends were spent traveling to "the valley" (San Fernando) to scope out orange groves. These parcels of land were being sold off for the purpose of building new homes. We searched and searched, finally located the newly developed neighborhood of Ladera Heights in Culver City, and moved into our new home at 5610 Shenandoah Ave. The place was bigger, more convenient to the business, had a wonderful swimming pool, and no stairs! The kitchen appliances were pink with golden-hued wallpaper. There was a room and small bathroom off the kitchen, the "maid's room" (we never had live-in help). Then came a boat, trips to Catalina Island, and membership in the Yacht Club. Dad attended Lion's Club meetings and functions, Mom tended the house, and we joined St. Jerome's Catholic Church. Life was good and the family business was booming.

Dad was happy, Mom not so much. Us kids were busy studying and growing up. Before long, our parents were alone in the big house and Dad was losing his memory. He became confused and unable to control his inappropriate behavior. It was necessary to commit him to a secure facility where he would be cared for and safe. Brittany House in Long Beach was Dad's new home while Mom was transferred to a Skilled Nursing Facility. After a bumpy two weeks, he settled into a single room with his own furniture and television. A lady named Kitty 'fell in love' with him and they spent happy hours sitting together watching TV. Our visits to Dad were encouraging because he was comfortable and content. For the first time in his life, he had little responsibility and no demands on his time. Despite his confusion, he remained in good humor, laughing a lot, as he always did, at the absurdities and pure joy of life. He once remarked, "This place is great! I get to live here, eat meals here, and nobody asks me to pay!". Of course, his stay was paid for thanks to his son who managed the affairs of both parents during the last years of their lives.

My Father and I had a special relationship. I was Daddy's Girl. He took me to school and catechism and picked me up, we went grocery shopping together, and I worked at the shop. He had a wonderful sense of humor, a beautiful smile, was friendly and considerate. Dad didn't lecture or scold. He modeled behaviors that I would emulate including optimism, a solid work ethic, the joy of reading, and family loyalty. He was my hero.

Dad died on February 3, 1995, after being rushed to the emergency room with pneumonia. He had suffered with congestive heart failure and I will forever regret not being with him at the end. I miss you, Dad.

Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City

Kiss Me, I'm Irish

My maternal great-grandfather, John O'Malley, along with his wife, children, and his wife's parents, arrived at Castle Garden, New York, in 1868. He died a widower, alone in a city far from the land he farmed in Minnesota, and farther still from his homeland, Ireland. I am his great-granddaughter and this is his story.

Irish Tenant Farmer Eviction

John O'Malley was born in Ireland, probably in Cork county, in about 1838. His parents were John & Johanna. The first document placing him in a specific location is the 1851 English Census where he is living with his parents, sister Ellen, and Ann Bradly, lodger, in Liverpool, Lancashire. As we learned in school, the blight of the potato crop in Ireland left millions of Irish to starve, die of disease, or emigrate during the mid-19th century. Across the Irish Sea, Liverpool was a busy port city, with work on the docks for unskilled laborers like many poor farmers escaping the famine. The 1861 English census lists a young John O'Malley as a lodger with the occupation of baker; his parents lived nearby. Two years later, John was living in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, where he married Ann Moughan/Morgan on the 13th of September, 1863, at the Catholic Chapel on Oxford Street. Here he worked as an iron brazier. The couple began a family that would grow to 13 children with only 8 living by 1900.

The Irish immigrants who chose to go to England found employment in the expanding industrial centers such as Wolverhampton. Creating and improving the transport infrastructure in the area allowed for enough work for both the local population and the new arrivals.

Before they left Wolverhampton, the family experienced an exceptional event; an 1866 visit from Her Royal Majesty Queen Victoria on the occasion of the unveiling of a statue of her late, beloved consort, Prince Albert. Here is an image of the festivities with the Queen, in her black mourning attire, standing under the portico where she appears to be involved in a Knighting Ceremony.


In 1868, the family emigrated to America aboard the good ship Clara Wheeler, landing at Castle Garden, New York. The passenger list includes John, his wife Ann, children Mary, Catherine, and Sarah, Ann's parents Patrick and Catherine Morgan, and their daughter Margaret. Williamsburg, Brooklyn became their first home where the O'Malleys shared accommodation with ten other families. John worked as a moulder, according to the 1870 Federal Census. In 1872, John O'Malley completed a Letter of Intent to become a United States citizen at the New York Court of Common Pleas.

America was attractive to Irish immigrants for a number of reasons. Opportunity for success was a prime factor. In 1862, the Homestead Act was passed to attract farmers to unsettled land in the Midwest, and the rise of the railroads made the trip faster, easier, and safer. This Act was intended to "secure homesteads to actual settlers on the public domain", but the free land came at a price. There was a charge to file the original application. Once the family acquired the property, the expenses added up quickly. There were building materials, tools, and farm implements to buy; cattle, horses, chickens, and swine to procure along with food and shelter for the animals; kitchen ware, bedding, and seeds for planting to purchase. Settling the prairie was not for the faint-hearted or unmotivated. The entire family would be needed to make the eventual ownership of the land a reality. My O'Malley ancestors were hardworking folks who fashioned a new life for themselves despite the frigid winters and erratic nature of farming in Minnesota.

Testament of Claimant

By 1875, the Morgan's and O'Malley's had relocated to Winona, Minnesota. Under the Homestead Act, John was granted 74 acres of land in Murray County in the southwestern part of the state. Here the family lived and worked the land until a Final Certificate of Land Ownership was granted in August 1884. His final oath of citizenship was taken only two months prior, in June 1884. So, by August, the requisite five years of residency, improvement of the land, and final affidavit was complete. To secure his farm, John O'Malley testified, "Built house and commenced actual residence therein April 15 1878. House is 16x16 feet, one story high with shed 10x16 feet, shingle roof, board floor with doors and windows, stable, well, and about 32 acres of breaking (grew crops for six seasons), worth $250". The testimony of two witnesses, David Stafford, Hardware Merchant, and D.H. Evans, Farmer & Machine Agent, verified these facts.
His American dream came true.

John O'Malley

In 1903, John's wife Ann died from complications of an infection received when she stepped on a rusty nail. She died at a Minneapolis hospital, and was buried in Calvary Cemetery, Currie, Murray, Minnesota. The farm was sold and John moved yet again, across the country to the Portland, Oregon area. Ann's niece, Margaret May Dooney, and her brother-in-law Thomas Malloy lived nearby, but all of his daughters lived elsewhere. It is a mystery why he did not move closer to one of his children. According to census records, he lived alone and died in 1920 of angina pectoris. He was buried at Rose Hill Cemetery in Portland.

May my great-grandfather Rest in Peace.

Rose City Cemetery